Translation 12.ppt

Translation Part 12 Substitutive vs. Reiterative Never use the same word or the same thing twice in a sentence unless you are repeating intentionally for emphasis or for clarity. —J. Hodges M. Whitten: Harbrace College Handbook, 1967, p. 244. nominal substitution Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French. 英译汉不如英译法容易。 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已越来越得人心了。 We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular in the world. Verbal Substitution You dont want to lag behind. Neither does she. 你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。 You should help him since you have promised to do so. 你答应了帮助他就应当帮助他。 Clausal Substitution 成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。 Achievements have a dual character, and so have mistakes. 你没做好，我是不满意的。得罪你就得罪你了。 You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. Flattery is more dangerous than hatred because it covers the stain which the other causes to be wiped out. 阿谀比怨恨更危险，因为阿谀掩饰了污点，而怨恨却能使人消除污点。（重复） Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings — this is all the work of science. 收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以及归纳整理研究成果——这就是科学工作的全部内容。（省略） Variation（变换） Johns bought himself a new Ford. He practically lives in the car. 约翰给自己买了一部新的福特牌汽车，他几乎就住在这部汽车里。 The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle. 这只猴子最了不起的技能是学会驾驶拖拉机。到了九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。 Reduplication（重叠） The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things. 路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，在买卖各种各样的东西。 Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look. 房间空荡荡的，他走来走去，这停停，那停停，东摸摸，西瞧瞧。 She hoped she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him. 她希望所说的情况真真假假，足以使他糊里糊涂。 They read the afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house. 深秋，冷雨霏霏，屋里静悄悄的。他们看了一个下午的书。 Repetition i