英语国家概况PPT.ppt

1. Old English (5th ~ 11th) Language of Angle-Saxons Influenced by Old Norse Latin and Greek words Danish words Beowulf The most famous work from the Old English period is the epic poem ”Beowulf” (approximately AD 900) Hw?t! We Gar-Dena in geardagum, teodcyninga, trym gefrunon, hu ea ?telingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceatena treatum 2. Middle English (11th ~ 15th ) Status French replaced English as the official language, and English became the Language of lower class big — pork sheep — mutton cattle — beef Development English increased in importance after the Black Death The Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the century Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Geoffrey Chaucer 3. Modern English (15th~ ) The printing press—brought standardization of English Samuel Johnson’s dictionary—established a standard form of spelling Renaissance—assimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance The Industrial Revolution—necessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideas The rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nations—led to the assimilation of words from many other languages Othello by William Shakespeare 1603 La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriu’d murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to haue ierk’d him here, Vnder the ribbes. Oth.: Tis better as it is. Which can be translated as: La: Though in the trade of war I have slain man, Yet do I hold it very stuff o’ the conscience. To do no contrived murder: I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or tem times I had thought to have yerk’d him here under the ribs. Othello: ‘Tis better as it is. Shakespeare 4. Standard E