09071133 曾桂林 论文正文.doc

微分方程的理论及应用 学生姓名：曾桂林 学生学号 指导老师：李园庭 摘要：许多实际问题的解决归结为寻找变量间的函数关系。但在很多情况下，函数关系不能直接找到，而只能间接的得到这些量及其导数之间的关系，从而使得微分方程在众多领域都有非常重要的应用。微分方程是重要的基础学科,是解决实际问题的重要工具。微分方程不仅在在数学领域中具有重要的地位，而且在对大学生素质的培养起着重要作用的数学建模中也有广泛的应用。本文介绍了微分方程的理论及相关知识，同时讨论了一些微分方程模型问题，如传染病模型、人口模型、捕鱼业的持续收获模型、种群之间相互关系模型、最优捕鱼策略模型等。对模型应用的解答中，充分结合了微分方程的适定性，对一些应用问题所求的解的存在唯一性和稳定性进行了分析，以确保解答结果的准确。 关键词：微分方程 传染病模型 人口模型 最优捕鱼策略模型 适定性 The theory of differential equation and its application Student name:Zeng Guilin Class: Supervisor:Li Yuanting Abstract: A number of practical problems can be interpreted as searching for functional relationship between variables. In many cases, we cannot find out the functional relationship directly, but we can know the variables and the relationship between its differential coefficient indirectly, which makes differential equation of great application value in lots of areas. Differential equation, as an important basic subject and a significant tool to solve practical problems, plays an important role in mathematical area, besides, it is widely used in mathematical modeling which is conducive to the cultivation of the quality of college students. The thesis introduces the theory and relevant knowledge about differential equation, and discusses some model problems about it, such as epidemic model, population model, relationships between population model and the optimal fishing strategy model etc. when explaining the model application, the thesis takes the well-posedness of differential equation into consideration fully, and analyzes the uniqueness and stability of the obtained answer of some application problems, so as to insure the accuracy of the answers. Keywords: Differential Equation Epidemic Model Population Model The Optimal Fishing Strategy Model Well-posedness Signature of Supervisor: 引言 数学分析（微积分）中研究了变量的各种函数及函数的微分与积分，如函数未知，但知道变量与