英语词汇学04.ppt

English Lexicology Review of Lecture III 1. The History of English Old English (450-1100) Middle English (1100-1500) Modern English (1500-present) 2. Modern English Words Borrowing Neologism 3. Modes of Development Lecture IV Morphological Structure Lecture IV Morphological structure 1. Morpheme Definition Identification 2. Root Free root Bound root 3. Affix Inflectional and derivational Prefix and suffix Origin and productivity 4. Allomorph Morpheme: definition Morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. Words are composed of morphemes. What is usually considered a single word in English may be composed of one or more morphemes. Morpheme: identification For example, One morpheme: nation Two morphemes: nation-al Three morphemes: nation-al-ize Four morphemes: de-nation-al-ize Morpheme: identification More example, book books bookish bookcase tolerate tolerance tolerant toleration tolerable intolerable telephone telegram telescope telecommunication -s, -ate, -ish, -case, in-, -able Morpheme: exercise Please identify the morphemes. decentralization specialize individualistic half-hearted a man of letters downfall power-drunk Morpheme: exercise decentralization specialize individualistic half-hearted a man of letters downfall power-drunk de-, center, -al, -ize, -ation species, -al, -ize in-, divide, -al, -ist, -ic half, heart, -ed a, man, of, letter, -s down, fall power, drink, an (allomorph of -ed) Morpheme: exercise Please identify the morphemes. ecocrisis meaningfulness prediction inequality understatement undeveloped downsizing moonscape supernatural Morpheme: exercise ecocrisis meaningfulness prediction inequality understatement undeveloped downsizing moonscape supernatural eco-, crisis mean, -ing, -ful, -ness pre-, -dict-, -ion -in, equal, -ity -under, state,