现代英语词汇学概论2 morphological structure of English words.ppt

现代英语词汇学概论 Lexicology Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English Words 英语词汇的形态结构 2.1 Morphemes 词素 /语素/ 形位 2.2 Classification of Morphemes 词素分类 How is an English word formed? E.g. disagreeable disagreeable (by letter) dis · a · gree · a · ble (by syllable) dis + agree + able (by morpheme) What is the difference between “morpheme” and “syllable”? Syllable: has nothing to do with meaning Morpheme: two-facet →both sound and meaning 2.1 Morphemes词素 /语素/ 形位 1. The Definition of “Morphemes” 词素的概念 2. Allomorphs 词素变体 back 2.1.1 The Definition of “Morphemes”  词素的概念 Questions: 1. What is “Morpheme”? What is the relation between “morpheme” and “word”? * 2. What are “Allomorphs” * Morpheme= morph + eme form + the smallest unit Morpheme: the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language smallest: not divisible into smaller forms meaningful: carry meaning (lexical and grammatical) e.g. denationalization denationalization= de + nation + al + iz + ation A morpheme is a two-facet language unit: sound and meaning back Allomorphs: various shapes or forms of a morpheme do not differ in meaning or function conditioned by position or adjoining sounds back E.g. book → books /-s/ pig → pigs /-z/ horse → horses /-iz/ E.g. perfect, responsible, logical, flexible perfect → imperfect responsible → irresponsible logical → illogical flexible → inflexible E.g. invent → invention describe → description justify → justification modernize → modernization expand → expansion decide → decision omit → omission back 2.2 Classification of Morphemes  词素分