应用层协议DNS域名.pptVIP

Semester 1CHAPTER 15 Content Basics of the Application Layer. Network Applications. BASIC OF THE APPLICATION LAYER Functions 从OSI参考模型的角度看，应用层（第七层）为应用的通信部分提供了支持. The application layer: 在预定的通信双方确认和建立通信 同步和协调应用进程 为错误校验的过程建立协议和控制数据的完整性 Characteristics 应用层不能为OSI模型中的其他层提供服务. 它只为存在于OSI模型之外的应用进程提供服务.例如：电子表格程序、字处理软件及银行终端程序等。 应用层提供了与OSI模型中的其他层进行直接交互的界面 Example : Browser, Email, FTP, Telnet ... Interfaces Direct network application: The application layer provides a direct interface for the rest of the OSI model by using network applications. Client server: WEB, FTP, Mail … Indirect network application: The application layer provides a an indirect interface for the rest of the OSI model by using standalone applications. Redirector: word processor, network driver, network printer … Redirector 重定向器是OSI模型会话层的一个功能，它工作在计算机的操作系统和网络客户端上，而不是特定的应用程序上. 重定向器使网络管理员能够将远程资源指定给位于本地客户端的逻辑名称. Examples of redirectors are: NetBEUI. Novell IPX/SPX. NFS in TCP/IP. Client-Server application Network driver Make and Break a connection The connection to the server was maintained only long enough to process the transaction. Example : WWW, E-mail ... The connection to the server was maintained until the user determines that he/she has finished. Example : FTP, Telnet ... NETWORK APPLICATIONS Application protocols DNS E-mail Telnet FTP WWW … DNS: Problems with using IP address DNS The DNS server is a device on a network that manages domain names and responds to requests from clients to translate a domain name into the associated IP address. The DNS system is set up in a hierarchy that creates different levels of DNS servers. DNS: System DNS: Database Email E-mail client applications, such as Eudora, Outlook Express, and Netscape Mail, work with the POP3 protocol. For security, when message recipients check their e-mail they are often prompted for a password. The password can also be saved in many e-mail programs. An e-mail address consists of the recipient’s username and post-office address: c