SAT写作素材之经济学家亚当middot;斯密.docVIP

SAT写作素材之经济学家亚当·斯密 　　以下是资料下载小编为大家总结的SAT写作素材之经济学家亚当·斯密，使用率超高，瞬间提升作文档次哦，赶快下载全篇吧。 　　Adam Smith 　　Scottish economist, educated at Glasgow andOxford. He became professor of moral philosophy atthe Univ. of Glasgow in 1752, and while teachingthere wrote his Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759),which gave him the beginnings of an internationalreputation. He traveled on the Continent from 1764to 1766 as tutor to the duke of Buccleuch and while in France met some of the physiocrats andbegan to write An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, finally publishedin 1776. 　　In that work, Smith postulated the theory of the division of labor and emphasized thatvalue arises from the labor expended in the process of production. He was led by the rationalistcurrent of the century, as well as by the more direct influence of Hume and others, to believethat in a laissez-faire economy the impulse of self-interest would bring about the publicwelfare; at the same time he was capable of appreciating that private groups such asmanufacturers might at times oppose the public interest. Smith was opposed to monopoliesand the concepts of mercantilism in general but admitted restrictions to free trade, such as theNavigation Acts, as sometimes necessary national economic weapons in the existing state of theworld. He also accepted government intervention in the economy that reduced poverty andgovernment regulation in support of workers. 　　Smith wrote before the Industrial Revolution was fully developed, and some of his theorieswere voided by its development, but as an analyst of institutions and an influence on latereconomists he has never been surpassed. His pragmatism, as well as the leaven of ethicalcontent and social insight in his thought, differentiates him from the rigidity of David Ricardoand the school of early 19th-century utilitarianism. In 1778, Smith was appointed commissionerof customs for Scotland. His Essays on Philosophical Subjects (1795) appeared posthumously. 　　See