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acquisiton of generic reference.pdf
Spanish, Turkish, Japanese and Chinese L2
Learners’ Acquisition of Generic Reference
Neal Snape, María del Pilar García Mayo and Ayşe Gürel
Gunma Prefectural Women’s University, Universidad del País Vasco and BoğaziCi University
1. Introduction
The main aim of our paper is to present new data in article choice in relation to generic reference.
Our study examines first language (L1) influence on the second language (L2) acquisition of English
generic noun phrases (NPs) by native speakers of Spanish, Turkish, Japanese and Chinese. In Section 2
we discuss the cross-linguistic variation of generic reference, focusing on the L1s in our study. Section
3 presents the current study involving advanced and upper intermediate L2 learners of English. Section
4 provides the results of the study. Finally, Section 5 discusses the implications of our findings and
concludes the paper.
2. Cross-linguistic variation in expressing generic reference
Much research has been conducted on the L2 acquisition of English articles (García Mayo 2008,
Gürel 2007, Ionin, Ko Wexler 2004, Leung 2001, Snape 2008 among many others). But, little
research has been conducted on the L2 acquisition of generic reference (cf. Thomas, 1989). One way to
capture differences found across languages is proposed by Chierchia (1998). He proposes a system that
allows for certain semantic variation in terms of how the reference of the syntactic category NP is set -
the Nominal Mapping Parameter (NMP). Three kinds of languages can be distinguished in terms of
their NP type: whether all NPs can refer directly to kinds (i.e., have a generic interpretation), and hence
are possible arguments in syntactic expressions, whether no NPs can refer directly to kinds, but are
predicates that need to be accompanied by a determiner,
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