烯效唑的光解, 水解及在土壤中的降解特性研究.pdfVIP

烯效唑的光解、水解及在土壤中的降解特性研 究 1，2 1 1 1 2 孔德洋 ，石利利 ，单正军 ，蔡道基 ，高仕祥 （1.国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所，江苏南京，210042 ；2.南京大学环境学院，江苏南京，210093 ） 摘 要：为研究烯效唑在在环境中的降解特性，采用室内模拟试验方法，测定了烯效唑在水 体中光解、水解及其在3种不同类型土壤中的降解特性，并对其降解特性进行了评价。研究结果 表明：常温（25℃）下，烯效唑在 pH值分别为5.0、7.0和 9.0三种缓冲溶液中的210天内未发 生显著的水解作用，其水解半衰期均大于1y,属难难水解性化合物；在人工光源氙灯条件下，该 农药的光解半衰期仅为2.07h ，这说明烯效唑较易光解；烯效唑在江西红壤、河南二合土与东北 黑土中的降解较慢，降解半衰期均大于3个月，烯效唑在土壤中较难降解。综上所述，烯效唑在 环境中具有较强的稳定性，尤其在避光条件难以降解。因此应严格掌握其使用量和使用时期； 同时建议加强对烯效唑残留的跟踪监测。 关键词：烯效唑；光解；水解；土壤降解 Photolysis, Hydrolysis of Uniconazole and its Degradation in Soils KONG De-yang1,2, SHI Li-li1, SHAN Zhen-jun1, CAI Dao-ji1, GAO Shi-xiang2 (1.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, National Environmental Protection Agency, Nanjing 210042, China; 2.School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China).) Abstract : The degradation of uniconazole via various mechanisms, i.e. hydrolysis, photolysis in aqueous phase, and biodegradation in soil, was investigation under laboratory conditions in order to understand the attenuation of this chemical in environment. The results indicate that uniconazole is not readily to be hydrolyzed under normal conditions. No significant loss was observed within 210 days at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0. The half-life time is more than 1 year. Slow biodegradation at matrixes of Jiangxi red soil, Henan Erhe soil and Northeast black soil at 25°C was observed, with the half-life time of 128.4, 130.8, and 108.3 days, respectively. Photolysis is likely to represent the most important degradation mechanism of the chemical in environment. A half-life time of 2.07 hour was found with the radiation generated by Xe lamp. The results suggest that uniconazole is stable in environment, especially under conditions without sunlight. Consequently, the dosage as well as the period of application should be well controlled. At the same time, we suggest to monitor the residual consistently. Ke