Module 1《Small Talk》Function教案1（外研版选修6）.docVIP

Module 1《Small Talk》 Period 2: FUNCTION—Talking about obligation or lack of obligation Objectives To learn to talking about obligation or lack of obligation Procedures ▇ Warming up by learning about what is obligation Hello, class. We shall learn to talk about “obligation” or lack of “obligation”. But first what is “obligation” ? It is a noun, meaning 1. A moral or legal duty or tie. 2. The binding power of such a duty or tie. 3. A debt of gratitude for a service. Example: be under obligation to her If you have not signed a contract, you are under no obligation to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money. You have a legal obligation to (= The law says you must) ensure your child receives a proper education. I havent got time to do his work for him - Ive got too many obligations as it is. A tender conscience is a stronger obligation than a prison. Every man has obligations which belong to his station. Duties extend beyond obligation, and direct the affections, desires, and intentions, as well as the actions. ■Talking about obligation or lack of obligation ◆100% necessity: You must leave straight away. You have [got] to leave straight away. must v. have [got] to Generally, must shows what the speaker feels and it is the speakers authority; have [got] to is when the speaker uses an external force which they cannot control: doctor to patient: Youve got to stop smoking. patient to themself: I must stop smoking. ◆0% necessity: We dont have to pay to get in. We have not got to see the boss after all. We neednt stay late. These have an element of being optional, i.e. we neednt stay late but we can if we want to. ◆obligation: You ought to call your mother. You should call your mother. These show that calling your mother is the right thing to do. There is no real difference between ought to and should, but ought to is perhaps a little stronger. We use neednt to show an action is optional - I can do it if I want to. We use mustnt to say an action is forbidde