Unit 5《Theme parks》语法要点-文字素材2（人教版必修4）.docVIP

Unit 5??Theme parks 语法要点??一．语法要点 ??构词法 ??在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成，转化，派生。 1．合成(compounding)—将两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符号“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。 ? ???如：up-to-date? ? ice-cream? ? passer-by? ? blackboard? ? nightfall? ?? ?? ???cowboy? ? newspaper? ? bus stop? ? post office? ? car park 合成词常见的构成方法： ⑴ adj. + n. + ed? ?? ?Eg: kind-hearted 好心肠的? ?good-tempered 脾气好的 ⑵ adj. + v.-ing? ?? ?Eg: good-looking 好看的? ?easy-going 随和的 ⑶ adv. + v.-ing? ?? ?Eg: hard-working 勤劳的? ?far-reaching 深远的 ⑷ n. + v.-ing? ???Eg: peace-loving 热爱和平的? ?epoch-making 划时代的 ⑸ n. + v.-ed? ???Eg: Chinese-designed 中国设计的? ?heartfelt由衷的 ⑹ adv. + v.-ed? ???Eg: widely-used广泛的? ?well-known 著名的 ⑺ adj. + n.? ???Eg: large-scale 大规模的? ?well-known 著名的 ⑻ n. + adj.? ???Eg: airsick 晕飞机的? ?duty-free 免税的 ⑼基数词 + n. + adj.? ???Eg: four-year-old 四岁的? ?ten-foot-deep 十英尺深的 合成名词常见的构成方法 ⑴ n. + n.? ???Eg: silkworm 蚕? ?half-moon 半月 ⑵ adj. + n.? ???Eg: double-dealer 两面派? ?shorthand 速记 ⑶ v-ing + n.? ???Eg: waiting-room 侯车室? ?sleeping-pill 安眠药 ⑷ v. + n.? ???Eg: pickpocket 扒手? ?break-water 防洪堤 ⑸ n. + v.-ing? ???Eg: handwriting 书法? ?sun-bathing 日光浴 ⑹ v. + adv.? ???Eg: get-together 联欢会? ?break-through 突破 ⑺ adv. + v.? ???Eg: outbreak 爆发? ?downfall 垮台 合成动词常见的构成方法 ⑴ n. + v.? ???Eg: sleep-walk 梦游 ⑵ adv. + v.? ???Eg: overthrow 推翻? ?undergo 经历 ⑶ adj. + v.? ???Eg: whitewash 粉刷? ?blacklist 列入黑名单 其它合成词：maybe或许? ?myself我自己? ?moreover而且? ?forever永远? ?2．转化（conversion）—由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。 ⑴ v. à n.? ?????Eg: Theme parks charge money for admission. (v. 收费) ? ?? ?Theme parks expect to make a profit by the charge for admission. (n. 费用) ⑵ n. à v. ??Eg: Visitors can take an active part in experiment in science theme parks. (n. 实验) ? ?? ?Inventors have to experiment with what they have invented. (v. 做实验) ⑶ adj. à v. ??Eg: Her room is clean and tidy. (adj. 干净的)à She cleans her rjoom every day. (v. 打扫) ⑷ adv. à v. ??Eg: He went in and sat down. (adv. 下来)à The army downed a plane. (v. 击落) 3．派生（derivation）—由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。