质疑岩石巴西圆盘拉伸强度试验.pdfVIP

第24 卷 第7 期 岩石力学与工程学报 Vol.24 No.7 2005 年4 月 Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering April ，2005 质疑岩石巴西圆盘拉伸强度试验 喻 勇 (西南交通大学 应用力学与工程系，四川 成都 610031) 摘要：指出人们使用了40 多年的巴西圆盘试验拉伸强度公式是来自二维问题的弹性力学解答，而实际情况并不满 足该公式所要求的平面应力或平面应力条件。分析指出，在三维条件下影响试样应力分布的因素有试样高径比和 材料的泊松比。通过40 次三维有限元分析，得到了高径比和泊松比对试样拉应力分布影响的规律。发现了试样中 最大拉应力出现在试样端面的中心，并拟合出了最大拉应力的计算公式。根据Griffith 强度理论和Mohr 强度理论， 计算了试样中的最大等效应力，发现试样的破坏不可能满足中心起裂条件。由于加载点应力集中的影响，试样必 然从端面加载点处起裂破坏。因此认为巴西试验方法已不适合用于测试岩石类脆性材料的抗拉强度。 关键词：岩石力学；巴西试验；抗拉强度；高径比；泊松比；三维有限元法；强度理论；岩石 中图分类号：TU 45 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000 –6915(2005)07 –1150 –08 QUESTIONING THE VALIDITY OF THE BRAZILIAN TEST FOR DETERMINING TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS YU Yong (Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering ，Southwest Jiaotong University ，Chengdu 610031，China) Abstract ：The extensively used formula for estimating the tensile strength of rocks under the Brazilian test is based on the 2D elastic theory and only suitable for very long or very short cylinders. However ，the size of specimen in practice does not meet these preconditions. Under 3D conditions，it is found out that height- to-diameter ratio and Poisson′s ratio are two factors influencing the stress distributions in rock cylinders. Through 40 3D FEM simulations ，the influences of the height-to-diameter ratio and Poisson′s ratio upon the stress distribution within the specimen were studied. It is found that the largest tensile stress within the specimen is always at the center of end surface. A fitting formula o