毕业设计（论文）-烟梗脱氯有机肥发酵.doc

摘要 本文以烟梗为原料，运用了正交试验方法进行脱氯分析得出：温度25、浸泡时间12h、溶剂量1：15以上 、烟梗粗细度过16目筛是烟梗脱氯的最佳条件。运用生物发酵的原理，采用自制发酵装置发酵有机肥，并结合物理、化学、生物学分析法检测分析发酵中物料理化性质和细菌动态变化。通过实验得出添加发酵菌剂可以缩短发酵周期，有利物料腐熟。发酵温度经历了升温期、高温期、降温期和稳定期，高温期和稳定期持续时间长；含水率呈整体下降趋势；PH成整体上升趋势；细菌数量先升后降。用BD PHOENIX 100全自动微生物分析仪和药敏实验来鉴定细菌种属，得出主要优势菌为枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、产碱菌属某种。 关键词：烟梗；脱氯；发酵菌剂；有机肥 Abstract In this paper, tobacco stems as raw material, using the orthogonal experiment method to take off chlorine analysis, what this paper concludes as the best dechloridtion conditions is that when the temperature was 25, soaking time was 12h, solvent quantity was above 1/15 and the tobacco stems demand of rough was by sieve of 16 meshes. Using home-made fermentation device, the changes of physical and chemical properties, and bio-related properties were detected and analysis by physical, chemical, biological analysis methods in the fermentation process, based on the fermentation principle. We find that adding fermenting agent decreased the fermentation period which is beneficial to decomposition of organic materials according to the experiment. The fermentation temperature experienced four phase, that is heating phase , high temperature persist cooling phases and stationary phase, among the four phase the second and forth phase last long. Water rates were downward trend in the overall, and PH was upward trend in the overall. The amounts of bacteria were increased first and then decreased. The BD PHOENIX 100 automatic microbial analyzer and Antimicrobial susceptibility test says that the main advantage bacterium is Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus thuringiensis and Alcaligenes spp. Key words: Tobacco stem; Dechloridation; Fermentation inoculum ; Organic fertilizer 目录 1.引言 1 1.1烟梗及其利用现状的综述 1 1.2发酵菌剂在废料发酵有机肥过程中的研究现状 2 1.3研究的目的与意义 3 1.4研究的内容与方法 4 2.烟梗脱氯有机肥发酵 5 2.1试验材料 5 2.2试验内容 5 2.2.1烟梗脱氯预处理 5 2.2.2发酵步骤 7 2.2.3数据处理与分析方法 8 3.结果与分析 9 3.1发酵过程中物料的感官变化 9 3.2发酵过程温度的变化 9 3.3发酵过程中含水率的变化与控制 11 3.4发酵过程中PH变化 12 3.5烟梗发酵有机肥中细菌数量的动态变化 13 3.5.1细菌数量的变化 13 3.5.2细菌的分离与鉴定