Nomenclature.docVIP

Nomenclature 1、2-dimensional electrophoresis 2、Abortive transduction：流产性传导：经普遍转导而获得供体菌野生型基因的缺陷型受体细菌，若该基因在其内既不进行重组、整合和复制，也不消失，而仅进行转录、转译和性状表达的现象。发生流产转导的细胞在其分裂后，只能将供体基因分配给一个子细胞，而另一子细胞仅获得该基因的少量产物—酶，故表型上仅呈轻微的供体菌特征，以后每经一次分裂。就受到一次“稀释”，最终在选择性培养基平板上形成由许多缺陷型细胞及一个带有不复制的供体基因的细胞所组成的微小菌落。形成微小菌落是流产转导的关键特征。因流产转导能提供一个局部二倍体实验系统，故常被用于基因顺反位置效应测验。 Active site：蛋白质上一个底物结合的有限区域The active site consists of amino acids arranged in a configuration specific to a particular substrate or type of substrate Adaptive enzyme：An adaptive enzyme or inducible enzyme is an enzyme that is expressed only under conditions in which it is clear of adaptive value, as opposed to a constitutive enzyme which is produced all the time. The Inducible enzyme is used for the breaking-down of things in the cell. It is also a part of the Operon Model, which illustrates a way for genes to turn on and off. The Inducer causes the gene to turn on (controlled by the amount of reactant which turns the gene on). Then theres the repressor protein that turns genes off. The inducer can remove this repressor, turning genes back on. The operator is a section of DNA where the repressor binds to shut off certain genes; the promoter is the section of DNA where the RNA polymerase binds. Lastly, the regulatory gene is the gene for the repressor protein. 5、Affinity chromatography：亲和层析 Affinity chromatography is a separation method based on a specific binding interaction between an immobilized ligand and its binding partner. Examples include antibody/antigen, enzyme/substrate, and enzyme/inhibitor interactions. The degree of purification can be quite high depending on the specificity of the interaction and, consequently, it is generally the first step, if not the only step, in a purification strategy. 6、Allosteric regulation ：别构调节In biochemistry, allosteric regulation is the regulation of an enzyme or other protein by binding an effector molecule at the proteins allosteric site (that is, a site other than the proteins active site). Effect