动物生理学6.消化和吸收(四).pptVIP

6.4.1 Pancreatic Secretion 6.4.1.1 Composition and funtion of pancreatic juice Secretion of pancreatic juice is variable but averages about 2 litters daily in man, It has a pH of 7.6-8.2(alkaline) and contain s a high level of bicarbonates. The enzyme content of the juice is variable, depend on the stimulus, and ranges 0.1%~10%. These enzymes include amylase淀粉酶 、trypsin 胰蛋白酶，chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶, carboxypeptidase 氨基肽酶, lipase 脂肪酶, etc. Pancreatic amylase [‘?m?,leis] ?-淀粉酶，不需要激活，可将淀粉、糖元等水解为糊精、麦芽糖和麦芽寡糖，最适pH6.7~7.0 Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen Pancreatic lipase Colipase is needed for lipase to hydrolyse triacylglyceride into fatty acids and glycerol. Colipase is a protein co-enzyme required for optimal enzyme activity of pancreatic lipase. It is secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form, procolipase, which is activated in the intestinal lumen by trypsin. Its function is to prevent the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides. 6.4.1.2 Regulation of pancreatic secretion Pancreatic secretion is under neural and humoral control, mainly the later. Nervous control Stimulation of vagus nerve causes small amount of pancreatic juice, rich in enzymes. 属于交感系的内脏大神经中的胆碱能纤维促进胰液分泌，但其中的肾上腺素能纤维抑制其分泌。 Humoral control Secretin 促胰液素 a hormone produced by the intestinal mucosa (小肠上部，S细胞）causes copious secretion of pancreatic juice that is low in enzyme content. First discovered in 1902 it was not synthesized until 1966; it contains 27 amino acids. The only effective stimulus for its release is the acidity of the upper intestinal mucosa. Cholecystokinin (CCK) found in intestinal mucosa has 33 amino acids. All of its activity is determined by the C-terminal eight acids; the last five acids are the same as those in gastrin.its main effect is to stimulate the gallbladder, but it also induce secretion of enzymes from pancreas. Gastrin, VIP也对胰液的分泌有加强作用。 Secretin和CCK的作用机理不同，二者有相互促进 Cep