国际大坝拆除现状分析.pdfVIP

130 中国农村水利水电 ·2009 年第 5 期 文章编号 (2009) 050 13006 国际大坝拆除现状分析 彭 　辉 ,刘德富 , 田　斌 (三峡大学土木水电学院 ,湖北 宜昌 443002) 　　摘 　要 :人类建造水利工程已经有几千年的历史 ,工业化以后 ,特别是自然界的电被发现以来 ,利用水力发电造福人 类 ,更是一度成为人类文明进步的象征 。到了20 世纪 ,水坝建设风起云涌 ,世界许多国家建造了大量的水坝和电站 ,这 极大地推动了20 世纪全球经济发展和社会进步 。然而 ,随着大坝的不断建成 ,大坝的一些负面效果也 日益显现 ,“水坝 之争”这一话题诞生了。正是由于以上原因 ,在国外有些国家已经采用大坝拆除的方式进行河流修复 。本文通过收集现 有国外拆坝经验 ,让更多的人意识到水电开发必须科学有效开展 ,否则大坝兴建将带来巨大负面效应 。 　　关键词 :大坝拆除 ;现状 ;河流修复 ;河流生态系统 　　中图分类号 : TV63 1 　　　文献标识码 :A The Status Quo Analysis of Dam Removal in the World PENG Hui , L IU Def u , TIAN Bin (College of Civil Hydroelect ric Engineering of Three Gor ges U niver sit y , Yichang 443002) Abstract : The hi story of con st ructing wat er con servancy p roj ect ha s been several t hou sands of year s. Aft er indu st rialization ,esp ecial ly elect ricit y being di scovered in nat ure ,making u se of wat erpower ha s been become t he symbol of human civilization . Up to 20t h cent ury ,dam s con st ructing became p ro sp erou s and fashionable . Many dams and wat erpower p lant s were built all over t he world . A s a result ,t he boom of con st ructing dam s in 20t h cent ury greatly imp elled t he global economic develop ment and social advancement . However ,wit h continually con st ructing dam s ,some side effect s brought by dam s have been increasingly emer ged and t he di sp ut es a bout dam s have app eared . Ba sed on abovementioned rea son s ,in some count ries dam removal wa s cho sen as a mean s of river ecologi cal restoration . Through collection foreign count ries dam removal exp eriences , let more and more p eople under st and t hat hydropower develop ment should abide by s