毕业设计（论文）-50MW凝汽式汽轮机调节系统的设计.docVIP

目录 概论·································································2 1.1汽轮机的基本组成············································· 1.2汽轮机凝汽系统··············································· 1.3汽轮机调节的基本原理········································· 第二章 汽轮机调节系统的功能和实现········································3 2.1 自动调节的任务·····················································4 2.2 直接调节和间接调节·················································6 2.3 有差调节和误差调节·················································8 汽轮机调节系统的静态特及计算·······································9 3.1 四方图·····························································9 3.2 速度变动率························································10 3.3 迟缓率····························································12 3.4 同步器与静态特性曲线平移··········································14 3.5 N50-90/535型汽轮机的调节系统特性计算······························18 汽轮机调节系统的动态特性·········································33第五章 汽轮机调节系统的动态特性·········································33 5.1 液压伺服系统······················································33 5.2 液压遮断系统······················································36 5.3 供油系统··························································37 5.4 供油装置工作原理··················································39 第六章 安全保护系统的工作原理和结构装置································20 6.1汽轮机调节保护系统的任务中间再热汽轮机调节保护系统的特点汽轮机调节系统的基本组成和种类动态特性基本概念影响甩负荷动态特性的主要因素(电压与频率)要求的电力。由同步发电机的运行特性己知，发电机的端电压决定于无功功率，而无功功率决定于发电机的励磁；电网的频率(或称周波)决定于有功功率，即决定于原动机的驱动功率。因此，电网的电压调节归发电机的励磁系统，频率调节归汽轮机的功率控制系统。这样，机组并网运行时，根据转速偏差改变调节汽门的开度，调节汽轮机的进汽量及焓降，改变发电机的有功功率，满足外界电负荷的变化要求。由于汽轮机调节系统是以机组转速为调节对象，故习惯上将汽轮机调节系统称为调速系统。汽轮机调节系统是根据电网的频率偏差自动调节功率输出的，故在供电的量与质的方面存在着矛盾；因为满足负荷数量要求后，并不能保持电网频率不变。目前，电网是通过一、二次调频实现供电的频率品质要求的。对短周期、小幅度的负荷变化由电网负荷频率特性产生频率偏差信号，网中的各台机组根据调节系统的特性分担这部分负荷变化，这一调节过程称为一次调频。对幅度变化较大而速度变化较慢的负荷，则由电网的自动频率控制(AFC)装置来分配调频机组的负荷，这一调节过程称为二次调频。然而，纯粹的调速系统是难以满足优良的供电品质要求的。因为在机组运行中，即使汽轮机的调节汽门开度保持不变，锅炉燃料品质不一致也会引起燃烧工况波动，导致汽轮机的进汽参数和功率输出改变，进而使电网频率发生变化，供电品质下降。这种由机组内部因素造成机组有功功率及电网频率波动的扰动称之为“内扰”。为抵御机组“内扰” 的影响，在汽