电池发展史记及正负极材料.pptVIP

Brief history of the battery First battery Common to all Li ion batteries Conducting current collectors Anode Cathode Electrolyte Seperator Conducting current collectors Lightweight, typically metallic Chemically resistant Stable at cell voltages Seperators: permeability and stability Must be an electronic insulator Must be ionic conductor Chemically resistant Stable in electrolyte Electrolyte The electrolyte must be a good ionic conductor, and an electronic insulator Must be stable at necessary potentials and temperatures Performs minimal side reactions with electrodes Much of battery failure and degradation is caused by electrolyte side reactions Safety concerns with current Li ion batteries drive to higher potential anodes Safety improvements Electrolyte stabilization Li dendrite formation… Lithium plating and dendrites Cathode SEI and internal resistance Cathodes can be fouled by degradation of electrolyte on the surface of the material For instance Ethyl carbonate can form polymeric olefins on the surface of the electrode Typically the SEI is a poor ion conductor and will increase the internal resistance of the battery Internal resistance The internal resistance increases in the battery over time The actual voltage output is never exactly the same when current is being drawn from the battery as when there is no current being drawn The higher the internal resistance is, the lower the observed voltage will be when Internal resistance measurement Measured by intentionally shorting the battery using a defined resistor Once the internal resistance is known, the maximum cell output can be calculated Internal resistance is a function of SEI, electrode conductivity, and surface area Chemical energy storage Cell potential is determined by the difference in Gibbs free energy of the Lithium in the anode and cathode The electrodes must allow ions to flow through them This is helped by using layered structures Making nanoscale materials Coating or percolating the sys