现代机械设计方法课程设计.docVIP

目录 绪论······························································· 3 一. 有限元方法和优化方法的选择······································4 二. 外伸梁梁受力分析················································4 2.1 工程问题·······················································4 2.2 解析法求解·····················································4 2.3 有限元计算说明·················································6 2.4 结果分析·······················································18 2.4.1 有限元结果····················································18 2.4.2 分析方法结果··················································18 2.4.3 结果比较与结论················································18 三. 黄金分割法·······················································19 3.1 黄金分割法简介··················································19 3.2 黄金分割法计算框图··············································19 3.3 问题与结果······················································19 附录·································································20 参考文献·····························································22 绪论 ANSYS软件是ANSYS等。 有限元法原理是将连续的求解域离散为一组单元的组合体，用在每个单元内假设的近似函数来分片的表示求解域上待求的未知场函数，近似函数通常由未知场函数及其导数在单元各节点的数值插值函数来表达。从而使一个连续的无限自由度问题变成离散的有限自由度问题。 ANSYS软件pa 边界条件：此问题的边界条件为位移边界条件。 A处的约束条件是固定铰支，限制了x方向和y方向两个自由度，即 UX=0,UY=0。 B处的约束条件是滑动铰支，限制了y方向一个自由度，即UY=0。 2.2解析法求解 由静力平衡方程 ΣM=0 —6xF—M+qx6x5 = 0 ΣM=0 Fx6 –M—qx4x2—qx2x1 = 0 求得支反力为 F= 14.5 KN F= 3.5 KN 以梁的左端为坐标原点，选取坐标系如图所示。梁在CA,AD,DB三段内，剪力和弯矩不能用同一方程式来表示，应分段考虑。 在CA段内， Fs（x）= – qx = – 3x (0x2m) (a) M（x）=– 1/2qx·x = –3/2x·x (0≤x≤2m) (b) 在AD段内， Fs（x）= Fa – qx = 14.5– 3x (2m≤x≤6m) (c) M（x）= Fa （x–2）–1/2qx·x = 14.5(x–2) –3/2x·x ( 2≤x 6m) (d) M(x)是x的二次函数，根据极值条件可得 ， 14.5–3x=0, 解得x=4.82m,亦在这一截面上，弯矩为极值。代入（d）式得AD段内的最大弯矩为 M=6.04KN·m。 在DB段内, Fs（x）= –F=–3.5KN （6m≤x 8m） M（x）= F（8–x）=3.5(8–x) (6m x≤ 8m) 依照剪力方程和弯矩方程，分段作剪力图