新型肥料及其在林业上应用.pdfVIP

新型肥料及其在林业上的应用 姚 娜，马履一，贾忠奎，段 劼 （北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，北京 100083 ） 摘要：新型肥料通常指有别于传统的、常规的肥料，选用新材料、采用新方法或新工艺制备的具有新功能的肥料。 根据特性和功能，新型肥料大致可分为：缓控释肥料、功能性（多功能）肥料、全水溶性肥料，微生物肥料（菌 剂）和生物有机肥。本文综合国内外相关研究，对这五类新型肥料的特性和林业上的应用进行了综述，总体看来， 新型肥料与传统肥料相比有更大的发展空间，在林业上的应用前景看好，但也存在诸多问题：其一，有些新型功 能肥料仍处于试验研究阶段，技术还不成熟，应用效果也不够稳定；其二，一些新型肥料成本相对较高，但其巨 大的回收效益未引起普遍关注；其三，新型肥料的研发和应用大多集中在农业和园艺蔬菜果树领域，而在林业中 的试验研究和推广应用相对较少；其四，国外对新型肥料的试验研究多集中于根系生态和土壤生态适宜化，国内 在此方面有待进一步深入。 关键词：林业；新型肥料；应用 Novel Fertilizer and its Application on Forestry YAO Na, MA Lvyi , JIA Zhongkui, DUAN Jie (Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China) Abstract: Novel fertilizer refers to a type of fertilizer that is produced by new materials, manufacturing methods and fine craftwork. It can be divided into five categories according to certain properties and function respectively, i.e. slow-release/control fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, multi-functional fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer. The features of each category and their current applications on forestry have been summarized in this paper. Overall, novel fertilizer has a brighter future than the traditional one, and its application on forestry prospects well. However, several obstacles also exist. Firstly, some types of novel fertilizer is still on experimental stage, with immature manufactured techniques and unsteady application effects; Secondly, relative high cost has hindered the utilization of certain novel fertilizers, whereas their immense retrieval benefits have not been fully reali