Recent develpoment in Quantum Communication.ppt

Why do people study QIS computations effectively performed simultaneously (quantum parallelism) classically intractable problems may become feasible quantum-mechanically unbreakable shared codes teleportation Quantum V.S. Classical (1) In principle, classical states can be faithfully distinguished from each other. Quantum V.S. Classical (2) Quantum states are non-orthogonal in general. Quantum V.S. Classical (3) Quantum states can be superposed states. Quantum V.S. Classical (4) Quantum states can be non-local. Quantum no-cloning theorem unknown quantum states cannot be copied due to linearity of QM. Do we need Quantum Communication? However, QC.. does not provide a complete solution for all cryptographic purposes. authentication rapid delivery of keys robustness distance and location independence resistance to traffic analysis Quantum Communcation Protocols BB84 protocol BB84 BB84--example B92 protocol B92 protocol B92 protocol—example Quantum nature of signals Signals are non-orthogonal states. Eavesdropper cannot clone signals Eavesdropping will inevitably incur disturbance to the signal. qubits. Ekert scheme (EPR protocol) EPR protocol Randomly select a subset of EPR pairs Other protocols Variations of BB84 Two-state protocols Six-state protocol QC experiments… Quantum channels Single-mode fibers Free-space links Free space links Free space links High transmission window at l ~ 770 nm ? compatible w. commercial silicon APD photon-counter Atmosphere is weakly dispersive and nonbirefirngent at the wavelengths. ?plain polarization coding is possible. Energy transmitted spread out in space-? higher loss during transmission. Background lights can couple into the receiver -? higher error rate. It depends on weather conditions. QC via optical fiber Photon sources Faint laser pulses Entangled photon pairs by parametric down conversion or Franson’s method Producing entangled photons Parametric down conversion. Frans