Topic 5 Data Link Layer- Chapter 9 Data Link Control.ppt

Topic 5: Data Link Layer- Chapter 9: Data Link Control Business Data Communications, 4e Outline Media Access Control Transmission Error Control Parity checking Longitudinal redundancy checking (LRC) Polynomial checking: check sum, CRC Data Link Layer Protocols Asynchronous protocols Ethernet HDLC Token Ring Point-to-point Protocol Three Functions of Data Link Layer Protocols A data link protocol provides three functions: Controls when computers transmit (media access control). Detects and corrects transmission errors (error control). Identifies the start and end of a message (message delineation). Media Access Control Media access control (MAC) refers to the need to control circuits when devices transmit. Two types of MAC: Polling Contention Transmission Error Control All transmission media have potential for introduction of errors All data link layer protocols must provide method for controlling errors Error control process has two components Error detection Error correction Error Control in Networks There are two types of errors associated with networks. Human errors, controlled by application programs Network errors, controlled by the network There are two categories of network errors. Corrupted data (that have been changed) Lost data What are Network Errors? Network errors are a fact of life in data communications networks. Normally errors occur in bursts. In a burst error, more than one data bit is changed by the error-causing condition. Errors are not uniformly distributed, regardless of error rate statistics. Dial-up lines are more prone to errors because they have less stable parameters. Network Error One bit error in 1000 bits results in an error rate of 0.001. However, it also means that one character made up of 8-bit is not correct. The character error rate becomes 1/125. It is 8 times of the bit error rate. Network Error The fact that errors tend to be clustered in bursts rather than evenly dispersed is both good and bad: Good: long period erro