我国海水蟹类养殖现状和发展目标.pdfVIP

我国海水蟹类养殖现状与发展目标 乔振国马凌波于忠利 王建钢 中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所，上海200090 摘要：简述我国海水养殖蟹类研究和生产领域取得的主要成果。其中包括与苗种规模化生产 配套的种蟹培育技术，苗池微生态环境调控技术，以营养强化剂和EM菌替代单细胞藻类的育 苗工艺和土池育苗工艺，苗种运输方法和苗种中间培育技术，东南沿海青蟹群体遗传结构和三 疣梭子蟹多倍体育种研究。探讨了影响产业可持续发展的主要问题：苗种生产规模和生产稳 定性与产业发展存在差距，种质基础研究和良种选育工作滞后，营养与饲料研究欠缺，产品形 式单一，上市季节集中，经济效益不高。提出了产业的发展目标：建立青蟹、梭子蟹等海水养殖 蟹类良种 （品系）扩繁和利用体系，高产、高效健康养殖模式技术体系、健康及病害防治关键技 术体系、产品质量安全可追溯管理体系。 关键词：青蟹；梭子蟹；苗种；养殖技术；发展目标 StatusanddevelopmentgoalofseacrabsfarminginChina QIAOZhen-guoMALing-BoYUZhong-liWANGJian-gang EastChinaSeaFisheriesResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences,Shanghai200090,China Abstract:Thispaperreviewsthemainachievementsinthefieldsofresearchandproductionofcul turedseacrabsfromviewpointofdevelopmentofaquaculture.Itmainlyincludesrearingtechniqueof broodcrabforseedproductionatscale;controlmechanismofmicro-ecologicalenvironmentforseed productionatscale;newtechnologyofrearinglarvaebyintensivenutritionaladditivesandEMbacte rialinsteadofthesinglecellalgae;middlerearingtechnologybetweenseedproductionatscaleand crabculture;transportationmethodofseedandestablishmentofseedproductionsystem;studyon populationgeneticstructureofmudcrabandmultiploidbreedingofP.trituberculatusalongthecoast ofsoutheastpartofChinaandprimaryresultsofculturemodelresearch.Theeffectsofmainproblems onsustainabledevelopmentofcrabaquacultureanddevelopmentalgoalinthefuturearediscussed: bigdifferencebetweenseedproductionscale/stabilityandrequirementofaquaculturedevelopment; basicresearchofGermplasmandstrainselectionisbehindofneedofaquaculturedevelopment;back wardculturemodelandtechnique,lackofresearchonnutritionandfeedandlowbenefitofculture; threatofdiseasesonaquaculture;singlenessofproductkindandcentralizedmarketingandloweco nomicbenefit.AccordingtothegeneralsituationofseacrabfarminginChina,thedevelopmentgoal ofaquacultureistoestablishatechnicalsystemofexpandedbreedingandutilizationofstrainsofmud crabandswimmi