Minerals and VitaminsGalen Erickson.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Minerals and Vitamins Galen Erickson Calcium and Phosphorus Chapter 5, 96 NRC pp 54-74 Brief metabolism Importance Ca:P ratios Requirements, sources Calcium DMI ADG F:G Trial 1 .35 18.5 3.15 5.93 .70 17.9 3.12 5.79 % change -3.4 -.95 -2.36 Trial 2 .35 15.3 2.22 7.11 .70 15.8 2.33 6.88 % change 2.87 4.95 -3.23 Trial 3 .35 19.0 2.51 7.59 .70 18.8 2.55 7.38 % change -1.16 1.59 -2.77 AVG of 5 trials (12 at Ibarn, 3,4,5 at feedlot) % change -.69 1.4 -2.6 Performance-Ca (UNL) .35 .70 SE P DMI (lbs) 24.4 23.9 .46 NS ADG (lbs/d) 3.88 3.50 .13 .04 G/F (ADG/DMI) .159 .145 .004 .02 FE 6.29 6.90 n=30, limestone as only supplemental Ca source DMI (-2.1%); ADG (-10.9%); F:G (+8.8%) Performance-Ca Faulty paradigms Ca:P ratio in bone (2.1:1) = requirement of diet P requirement = .35% young calves require same as typical feedlot cattle Phytate P is unavailable to feedlot cattle SUM ALL THEM, OVERFEEDING P Ca:P ratios Wise et al. (1963, J Nutr.) Ca, % .27 .27 .27 .81 .81 .81 2.43 2.43 2.43 P, % .17 .34 .68 .17 .34 .68 .17 .34 .68 Ca:P 1.6 .8 .44 4.8 2.4 1.2 14.3 7.2 3.6 ADG .67 .50 .28 .71 .69 .63 .49 .66 .50 DMI 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.6 3.4 F:G 5.6 6.7 14.6 4.8 5.1 5.9 6.5 5.5 6.9 Conclusion: Stay between 1.5:1 and 7:1 agrees with Ricketts et al., 1970 Problems with high Ca and high P? OPTIMUM = 2:1 to 4:1 Phosphorus Nutrition NRC cites Ellenberger, 1950 Reasons for overfeeding extremely important metabolic nutrient monogastrics can’t utilize phytate previous work with small calves( 500lbs) hard to measure, 80% of stores in bone Phosphorus Nutrition M.B. Coehlo, BASF Metabolism Tremendous stores of Ca P Creates challenges for us, good for animal Hormonal control of stores, sensitivity from circulating concentrations, PTH, calcitonin, and vit. D Absorption (digestibility) is relatively low NRC 50% for Ca AFRC 68% for Ca 68% for P 64% or 70% for P F