民法调整对象“平等主体关系说”反思.doc

内 容 摘 要 “平等主体关系说”是民法调整对象法定化的产物。对于这一理论，在理论界长期 争论不断。在中国民法典的制定过程中，如何看待和分析这一理论就成为重要课题。有 的学者主张在民法典中继续采纳，并在建议稿中拟定了建议条文。有的学者则将民法调 整对象作为长期研究的课题，主张修改相关条文表述方式。有的学者则主张不要在未来 民法典中将民法调整对象法定化。采取什么样的立场，取决于对“平等主体关系说”理 论有什么样的理解，特别是对于市民社会、公私法划分理论有着什么样的理解。只有正 确平等、主体、市民社会、公私法理论，才能对如何将民法调整对象法定化有着清醒的 认识。 论文《民法调整对象“平等主体关系说”反思》，试图在法典化的大背景下，从梳 理国内民法学界对“平等主体关系说”的不同理解入手，运用规范分析的方法将“平等 主体关系说”所涉及的“调整”、“平等”、“主体”等关键术语展开分析，对“平等 主体关系说”的关键理论预设－市民社会理论和公私法划分理论进行分析，试图回答平 等是指主体的平等还是指主体之间的关系平等？这种平等是民法调整的前提还是结 果？市民社会理论和公私法理论对于我们理解平等主体有什么样的影响？应当如何基 于主体理论的发展理解主体之间的平等？通过对我国民法调整对象“平等主体关系说” 进行研究和反思，最后提出笔者以为妥当的民法调整对象法定化文本表述方式，即“中 华人民共和国民法确定自然人（公民）、法人和其他组织的民事法律主体地位，并根据 平等、自愿、意思自治原则调整他们之间人身关系与财产关系。” 关键词：民法；调整对象；平等主体；反思 1 2 Abstract The “theory on civil subjects with equal status” is the product of legalization of the objects adjusted by civil law. As for this theory, there are continuous controversies in theoretical circles. In the process of the formulation of civil code of China, how to treat and analyze this theory becomes an important subject. Some scholars propose to continue to adopt this theory in civil code and draw up suggestion clauses in proposal, some scholars treat the objects adjusted by civil law as the subject for long-term research, and propose to amend the expression way of relevant clauses while other scholars propose not to legalize the objects adjusted by civil law in future civil code. The adoption of what stance depends on the understanding on the “theory on civil subjects with equal status”, especially on the understanding on the theory of civil society and the division on public law and private law. Only with correct understanding on equality, objects, and the theory of civil society and public law and private law can have sensible understanding on how to legalize the objects adjusted by civil law. This Paper the Introspection on “Theory on Civil Subjects with Equal Status” in the Objects Adjusted by Civil Law, under the background of codification, seeks to proceed from different underst