电磁场 chapter1-1.pptVIP

Electromagnetic Field Guilin University of Electronic Technology (3) differential length element from P to Q 1.6.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System The differential volume is bounded by six surfaces: O (1) differential volume element 非负标量 (2) differential surface area element (3) differential length element from P to Q 1.6.3 Spherical Coordinate System Q The differential volume is bounded by six surfaces: (1) differential volume element 非负标量 (2) differential surface area element volume of a sphere of radius a : surface area of a sphere of radius a : (3) differential length element from P to Q 小 知 识 矩坐标系、圆柱坐标系和球坐标系都属于三维正交曲线坐标系。凡是具有三个坐标变量 ，而且其坐标单位矢量 相互正交的坐标系，都统称为三维广义正交曲线坐标系。 三种坐标系中长度元、面元和体积元的统一公式 矩坐标系： 拉梅系数 圆柱坐标系： 球坐标系： 长度元： 面元： 体积元： 单位矢量 表示方向； 面积(线)元非负 ； 例如：已知点O (0, 0, 0)和点 A (1, 0, 0)是 x 轴上的两点，则矢量 沿有向线段 的线积分为 面元 和长度元 是矢量，计算面( 线 )积分时，应注意： 积分限的选取。 路径 c 是从 A 点到 B 点的一段圆弧，圆弧的半径为 a 。 路径c： ∵ 从A 点到 B 点， df 0， 注意： 1.7 Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals The basic laws of electromagnetic fields are often expressed in terms of integrals of field quantities over various curves, surfaces, and volumes in a region. Examples: In static electric field, the potential difference between point a and point b is defined as The current through a conductor is defined as the surface integral of volume current density, 1.7.1 The Line Integral 1. the line integral of a scalar field f from point a to point b along a curve c in three-dimensional space the value of f within the length segment vector 2. the scalar line integral of a vector field scalar 3. the vector line integral of a vector field vector When c is a closed curve, the integral sign is denoted as ∮. 1.7.2 The Surface Integral 1. the surface integral of a scalar field f vector the value of f over the elemental surface 2. the scalar surface integral of a vector field scalar 3. the vector surface