对人教版新课本讲述 can 表示推测的一点质疑与分析.doc

对人教版新课本讲述 can 表示推测的一点质疑与分析.doc

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对人教版新课本讲述 can 表示推测的一点质疑与分析.doc

对人教版新课本讲述 can 表示推测的一点质疑与分析 漯河高中 宋锟 人教社2003年审查通过的全日制普通高级中学教科书《英语》第一册下(Senior English for China, Students Book ⅠB)中对情态动词的用法作了统一解释,内容简要明了,但笔者认为,其中19页 Grammar 部分关于 can 表示推测的内容,似乎是值得商讨,原文是这样的(Pg19): Grammar Model verbs(3) ?must, can / could, man / might. 稺hen you are very sure of something, you use must in positive sentences and cannot or cant in negative sentences. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. It cant be true! I dont believe it! 稺hen you are quite sure about something, you use can. Attending a ball can be exciting. 稺hen you think that something is possible, but you are not very sure, you use could, may or might. 我们所关注的,正是其中划线部分的讲述,笔者认为划线部分对于 can 表推测、可能性的论述是与正规语法的界定有偏差的,具体说明如下: 首先,请看A. J. Thomson 与 A. V. Martinet 合编的《A Practical English Grammar·Fourth Edition》(牛津实用英语语法·第四版)中对 can 表推测的论述:第135节 can used to express possibility A General possibility Subject + can mean 慽t is possible? i. e. circumstances permit (this is quite different from the kind of possibility expressed by may): You can ski on the hills. (There is enough snow.) We cant bathe here on account of the sharks. (It isnt safe.) Can you get to the top of the mountain in one day? (Is it possible?) B Can can also express occasional possibility: Measles can be quite dangerous. (Sometimes it is possible for them to be quite dangerous / Sometimes they are quite dangerous.) The Straits of Dover can be very rough. (It is possible for the Straits to be rough; this sometimes happens.) could is used in the past: He could be very unreasonable. (Sometimes he was unreasonable; this was a possibility.) can is used in this way in the present or past tense only, and chiefly in the affirmative. 其中我们可以看出,所谓的 can 表推测除否定疑问句中表示与 must 相对应的意义外,其它情况下表示的意义有所变化。上外章振邦教授的《新编英语语法教程》中也有情态助动词推测性用法与非推测性用法的论述。 而 Michael Swan 原著,牛津大学出版社与外语教研社合出的 Practical English Usage (牛津英语用法指南)中对此有更详细的论述,见于其翻译本Pg146、147、148、149:第130节 can 和

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