表意系统.pptVIP

Structuralism (1): Basic Concepts and Structuralist Narratology Structuralism: Outline 1. Starting Questions 2. Structuralism: Basic Concepts 3. From New Criticism to Structuralism 4. Major Theorists (1): Ferdinand de Saussure 5. Structural Narratology: -- Claude Levis Strauss -- Vlarmir Propp 6. Practice: 箜篌引 “The Long Enchantment” Starting Questions About our life: --When a person says “I love you,” what does it mean? -- Why do ads influence us so much? About literature: -- Is there common structure among some (types of ) literary work? What does the common structure suggest about our society? -- How do we use our linguistic knowledge on literary analysis? Starting Questions (2) More abstract questions: -- How is reality/nature and how do we get to know it? Just through experience? With or without mediation (媒介)? -- How are meanings or our ideas produced? By our mind? By a supernatural being? Or by language? Structuralism: Basic Concepts (1) Language and reality Does language/art work elevate/reflect reality, create reality, distort/hide reality or replace reality? Durand, Asher Kindred Spirits 1849 Structuralism: Basic Concepts (1) Language and reality The Creation of Man (Fragment of the Sistine Chapel ceiling) 1511-12 Structuralism: Basic Concepts (1) Language and reality Left: The Human Condition; Right: The Art of Living Structuralism: Basic Concepts (1) Language: Does language reflect reality, create reality, distort reality or replace reality? Structuralism: Basic Concepts(2) Against the mimetic theory of language (p. 88), Structuralists think that Language is not a transparent container of our ideas/meaning; we produce our ideas through language as a system of difference. Anti-Humanism: The author is dead. Literary works are not independent entities. Structuralism finds out the grammar of literary works. Structuralism: Basic Objects of Study Units: Example