基于元胞自动机的人员疏散过程研究.pdfVIP

计算机工程与设计 Computer Engineering and Design ( ) 2009,30 8 1991 仿真技术 基于元胞自动机的人员疏散过程研究 章志钢， 李 青 (上海大学计算机工程与科学学院，上海200072) ( ) 摘 要：紧急情况 如火灾等 下的人员疏散研究可为减少人员受到伤害提供必要的指导。提出了一种基于元胞自动机的微 观离散模型，该模型将人群按照年龄和性别进行了划分，把所有人员都作为一种客体。在疏散过程中，每个人员的行为参照 在其视野中的其它人员的行为进行加权处理。针对不同移动速度的人员比例, 权系数等参数，进行了多方面的数值模拟，研 究结果表明，提出的模型能够较好地模拟紧急情况下的人员疏散现象。 关键词：人员疏散; 元胞自动机; 参照; 视野; 加权 中图法分类号：TP301 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-7024 (2009) 08-1991-03 Study on peoples evacuation with cellular automata ZHANG Zhi-gang, LI Qing (School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China) Abstract ：A micro-dispersion model based on cellular automata for people evacuation is proposed. In the model we divide the whole groups in accordance with their age and gender, and all the people will be viewed as an obj ect. During the evacuation process, each one will refer his/her behavior to the others behaviors in view sight, and makes decisions based on the weight process. And finally, this model is simulated in a wide range of different parameters such as percentage of people and weight, which shows that the proposed model is efficiently used to simulate an emergency situation in evacuation. Thus it will provide the necessary guidance to reduce harm of the ( ) evacuation under the Emergencies such as fire, etc. . Key words ：evacuation; cellular automata; reference; view; weight 目前，人员疏散模型的建模方法大致可分为两种：一种是 0 引 言 宏观的方法，即把人员视为连续流动介质，利用流体力学的研 人员安全疏散是公共安全和消防安全工程的重要研究课 究成果，但此方法忽略个体的作用和个体间的差异；另一种是 题