131ArithmeticandGeometricSequences-Winston…：131算术和几何序列-温斯顿….pptVIP

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences Explicit Formulas A sequence (or progression, in British English) is an ordered list of numbers; the numbers in this ordered list are called elements or terms. A sequence may be named or referred to as A or An. The terms of a sequence are usually named something like ai or an, with the subscripted letter i or n being the index or counter. So the second term of a sequence might be named a2 (pronounced ay-sub-two), and a12 would designate the twelfth term. Note: Sometimes sequences start with an index of n = 0, so the first term is actually a0. Then the second term would be a1. The first listed term in such a case would be called the zero-eth term. This method of numbering the terms is used, for example, in Javascript arrays. Dont assume that every sequence and series will start with an index of n = 1. The two simplest sequences to work with are arithmetic and geometric sequences. An arithmetic sequence goes from one term to the next by always adding (or subtracting) the same value. For instance, 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,... and 7, 3, –1, –5,... are arithmetic, since you add 3?and subtract 4, respectively, at each step. Arithmetic Sequences The number added (or subtracted) at each stage of an arithmetic sequence is called the common difference d, because if you subtract (find the difference of) successive terms, youll always get this common value. Find the common difference and the next term of the following sequence: 3, 11, 19, 27, 35,... The difference is always 8, so d = 8. Then the next term is 35 + 8 = 43. For arithmetic sequences, the common difference is d, and the first term a1 is often referred to simply as a. Since you get the next term by adding the common difference, the value of a2 is just a + d. The third term is a3 = (a + d) + d = a + 2d. The fourth term is a4 = (a + 2d) + d = a + 3d. an = a1 + (n –?1)d Examples: Find a formula for an and find the 10th term 2,6,10,14,18,… 17,10,3,-4,-11,-18,… Find the n-th term (form