CAUSEANDEFFECTDIAGRAM：原因和效果图.pptVIP

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM Fishbone Developed from the Contents of Reginald Leon Green’s Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem-based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards Chapter 5 The Cause and Effect (CE) Diagram Created in 1943 by Professor Kaoru Ishikawa of Tokyo University and adopted by Dr. W. Edwards Deming Basic Use of the CE Diagram The CE Diagram is basically used to investigate a problem, exploring, identifying, and displaying the possible causes.  Purpose of the CE Diagram To identify the relationship between the effects in a given situation and all of the possible causes To find problem sources/solutions The Fishbone Diagram An Analysis Tool The Fishbone Diagram A tool used to analyze possible causes of a specific problem or condition Analyzing the Cause Why has membership in Advance Placement courses decreased? Why are students not participating in extra-curricular activities? People – The faculty Policies – Stated requirements Procedures – The implementation process The School Building – The physical plant The CE Process Identify the problem to be corrected Identify any possible causes of the problem The CE Process Question the cause of problems in each area, seeking changes that are deviations from the norm Repeat for each sub-area Constructing The Diagram 1. Clearly describe the problem, i.e., the effect, to be diagrammed (for example: files out of place, too many students in line, or attendance below average). 2. Draw a box around the effect with an arrow heading to it. Constructing The Diagram 3. Identify the major categories of factors that contribute to the problem and write them on the diagram. This will help the faculty organize the causes. Constructing The Diagram 4. Brainstorm the detailed factors that contribute to the problem (i.e., the effect). Ask for each factor, “What causes this factor? Write the causes on the diagram and connect them to the appropriate main category. Constructi