EXPERIMENT2DeterminationofRateLaws-URI…：实验2速度测定法的URI….pdfVIP

EXPERIMENT 2 Determination of Rate Laws Introduction The speed of a reaction is an important component to consider when setting up an experiment. Will the reaction be so fast that it is over in a few seconds, or so slow that it does not reach completion for many days? If the speed of a reaction can be measured, then the length of time needed for a reaction to take place can then be predicted. Rate of reaction The rate of a reaction is influenced by many factors. Two of these factors are the concentration of the reactants and reaction temperature. These two variables are often varied to modify the rate of a reaction. In this experiment, we will study the effects of changing these variables. Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate An increase in the concentration of the reactants often increases the speed of a reaction. A simple example of this is when two molecules, A and B, must collide in order to react. In this case anything that increases the frequency of those collisions can increase the rate of the reaction. Increasing the concentration of a reactant increases the frequency of these collisions and often results in an increase in the reaction rate. In the example below, your goal is to react all of reactant A with a second reactant, B, to form product C. If you set the amount of A used as 1 mole, you will need 1 mole of B to fully use up all of reactant A. By increasing the concentration of reactant B in the second box, you can see that you are increasing the chance that A will collide with reactant B. By increasing the concentration of a reactant you increased the chance of collision and likely the reaction rate as well. A+BC The rate of a reaction can be defined in terms of either the loss of a reactant over time or the increase in the product over time. Any chemicals involve