INFECTIONANDIMMUNITY,Dec2005,：感染与免疫，12月2005，.pdfVIP

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Dec. 2005, p. 7996–8001 Vol. 73, No. 12 0019-9567/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/IAI.73.12.7996–8001.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Chronic Leishmania donovani Infection Promotes Bystander CD8-T-Cell Expansion and Heterologous Immunity Rosalind Polley,† Stephanie L. Sanos,‡ Sara Prickett,§ Ashraful Haque, and Paul M. Kaye* Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom Received 22 July 2005/Accepted 22 August 2005 It has been proposed that long-lived memory T cells generated by vaccination or infection reside within a memory compartment that has a finite size. Consequently, in a variety of acute infection models interclonal competition has been shown to lead to attrition of preexisting memory CD8 T cells. Contrary to expectations, therefore, we found that chronic Leishmania donovani infection of Listeria -immune mice results in heightened protection against subsequent Listeria challenge. This protection was associated with bystander expansion of Listeria -specific CD8 T cells and a bias in these cells toward a central memory T-cell phenotype with an enhanced capacity for gamma interferon production. We propose that splenomegaly, which is characteristic of visceral leishmaniasis and other tropical infections, may help promote heterologous immunity by resetting the size of the memory compartment during chronic infection. M