SPECIESANDSPECIATION-UniversityofNotreDame：物种的形成-圣母大学.pdfVIP

SPECIES AND SPECIATION Two major categories of evolutionary change: Evolutionary change within lineages over time (anagenesis). SplittingSplitting ofof lineageslineages overover timetime (cladogenesis)(cladogenesis) Darwin’s only figure in “The Origin of Species” (1859) MAJOR ISSUES IN SPECIATION THEORY What is a species? The role of geographic isolation in divergence. Do population bottlenecks facilitate changes in genetic architecture? The role of natural selection in speciation. Prezygotic vs. postzygotic reproductive isolation. The genetic mechanisms responsible for reproductive isolation. 1 SPECIATION The process by which one genetically- cohesive population splits into two or more reproductively-isolated populations. Requires the disruption of gene flow and the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms (RIMs). WHAT IS A SPECIES??? 2 DECIDING WHAT CONSTITUTES A SPECIES CAN BE COMPLEX From Doyen and Slobodchikoff, 1974, Systematic Zoology 23:239-247 Certainly no clear line of demarcation has yet been drawn between species and sub-species – that is, the forms which…come very near to, but do not quite arrive at, the rank of species. …A well-marked variety may therefore be called an incipient species. …From these remarks it will be seen that I look at the term species as one arbitrarily given. Darwin, The Origin of Species