Robust Design and Two-Step Optimization.ppt

Robust Design and Two-Step Optimization Lihui Shi Outline Introduction of Taguchi Basic Concepts and Tools in Robust Design Signal-to-Noise Ratio Static Robust Design Two-Step Optimization Dynamic Robust Design Two-Step Optimization Reference Introduction Genichi Taguchi (田口 玄一) From 1950s developed a methodology to improve the quality of products. Much of his work was carried out in isolation from the mainstream of Western statistics. Unknown outside of Japan. Introduced into US in 1980. Taguchi’s method. Controversial among statisticians, but many concepts introduced by him have been accepted. Basic Block Diagram, Concepts and Tools Quality characteristics Quadratic Loss function Design of Experiments (DOE) Signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio) Orthogonal arrays Linear graph Basic question: How to choose the levels of the control factors to make the output on target and the process robust again noise factors? Quadratic Loss Function Y: output t: target value Objective: Minimize the average loss =(d,a), design parameters. Signal-to-Noise (SN) Ratio SN ratio h is defined as Question 1: Why use the log transformation? Box (1988), (1987 discussion): The standard deviation will be independent of the mean, so the design factors will separate into some that affect the variation and some others that affect the mean without changing the variation. Question 2: Why use the ratio instead of the standard deviation? Phadke: Frequently, as the mean decreases the standard deviation also decreases and vice versa. Various Factors Among many applications, Taguchi has empirically found that the two stage optimization procedure involving the SN ratio indeed gives the parameter level combination where the standard deviation is minimum while keeping the mean on target. Control factors d: a significant effect on SN ratio. Adjustment factor (scaling factor) a: significant effect o