Section IV 29 Control of Respiration.ppt

Respiratory Center and Formation of the Respiratory Rhythm 1 Respiratory Center * * Section IV 29 Control of Respiration Respiratory Centers Two respiratory nuclei in medulla oblongata Expiratory center (ventral respiratory group, VRG) involved in forced expiration Inspiratory center (dorsal respiratory group, DRG) more frequently they fire, more deeply you inhale longer duration they fire, breath is prolonged, slow rate Respiratory Centers in Pons Apneustic （长吸） center (lower pons) Sends continual inhibitory impulses to inspiratory center of the medulla oblongata, As impulse frequency rises, breathe faster and shallower Stimulation causes apneusis Integrates inspiratory cutoff information Pneumotaxic center (upper pons) Respiratory Structures in Brainstem 2. Rhythmic Ventilation (Inspiratory Off Switch) Starting inspiration Medullary respiratory center neurons are continuously active (spontaneous) Center receives stimulation from receptors and brain concerned with voluntary respiratory movements and emotion Combined input from all sources causes action potentials to stimulate respiratory muscles Increasing inspiration More and more neurons are activated Stopping inspiration Neurons receive input from pontine group and stretch receptors in lungs. Inhibitory neurons activated and relaxation of respiratory muscles results in expiration. Inspiratory off switch. 3. Higher Respiratory Centers Modulate the activity of the more primitive controlling centers in the medulla and pons. Allow the rate and depth of respiration to be controlled voluntarily. During speaking, laughing, crying, eating, defecating, coughing, and sneezing. …. Adaptations to changes in environmental temperature --Panting II Pulmonary Reflex Chemoreceptor Reflex Two Sets of Chemoreceptors Exist Central Chemoreceptors Responsive to increased arterial PCO2 Act by way of CSF [H+] . Peripheral Chemoreceptors Responsive to decreased arterial PO2 Responsive to increased arterial PCO2 Respo