豫西地区夏玉米适时晚収产量效应研究.docVIP

豫西地区夏玉米适时晚収产量 王育红，孟战赢，王向阳，张园洛阳市农业科学研究院，洛阳 471022）摘要：本试验以郑单958、浚单20和洛玉4号为材料不同收获期夏玉及其进行研究。结果表明 关键词：夏玉米；适时晚收；产量；千粒重；容重Wang Yu-hong, Meng zhan-ying, Wang Xiang-yang, Zhang Yuan, Zhang Gao-de （Luoyang academy of agricultural science，Luoyang，Henan ,471022,China） Abstract: In order to study on the most suitable harvest time of summer corn variety in the west of Henan, this experiment took Zhengdan 958, xundan 20 and Luoyu 4 as the materials, and studied on grain length, the length of milk line, bulk density,1000-grain weight and yield effect through choosing different harvest time, the result showed that timely harvest later had the obvious effect on production increase .Under the ecological conditions, compared with the 45th day after Silking, when harvest day was postponed for 10 days (the 55th day after silking), the production increased 1116.4 kg/hm2, and the 1000-grain weight increased 37.89g;when postponed for 15 days (the 60th days after silking), the production increased 1333.63 kg/hm2, and 1000-grain weight increased 42.55g. The mathematical model analysis of the relation of the day after silking, grain weight and grain characteristics showed that, the maximum of grain weight and yield appeared in the 62th days after silking ,and the grain milk lines of the three varieties were not completely disappeared until ripen period, and when the grain water content drops to 27% can be harvested. The results showed that the greatest bulk density values appeared in the 49th day after silking, and harvest later had influence on the grain bulk density. Key word: Summer corn; timely harvest later; yield; 1000-grain weight; bulk density 玉米适时晚収是通过延长籽粒灌浆时间，增加籽粒淀粉、蛋白质和氨基酸含量，从而提高其产量和商品质量，是一项不需要增加成本提高效益有效措施[1-2]。目前，黄淮海地区夏玉米早收现象很严重，且形成习惯，造成不必要的减产。玉米成熟通常以果穗苞叶发黄, 籽粒变硬为标准（中国玉米栽培学,1986），但是苞叶发黄和籽粒变硬达到什么程度没有定量标准。Dayhard .T .B (1969)提出玉米籽粒基部黑色层形成是玉米生理成熟指标。AfuakwaJ .J (1984)等、任和平(1989)等提出玉米成熟以苞叶干枯、籽粒乳线消失为标准, 究竟何时收获为好, 说法不一。有研究表明当果穗苞叶变黄发白时收获，千粒重仅为完熟期的85%-90%，此时收获产量会减少10%-15%[3-4]。而玉米籽粒黑色层