数字信号处理——Chapt2.pptVIP

Chapter 2. Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Gao Xinbo School of E.E., Xidian Univ. Xbgao@ /teach/matlabdsp/ Main Contents Important types of signals and their operations Linear and shift-invariant system Easier to analyze and implement The convolution and difference equation representations Representations and implementation of signal and systems using MATLAB Discrete-time signals Analog and discrete signals analog signal t represents any physical quantity, time in sec. Discrete signal: discrete-time signal N is integer valued, represents discrete instances in times Discrete-time signal In Matlab, a finite-duration sequence representation requires two vectors, and each for x and n. Example: Question: whether or not an arbitrary infinite-duration sequence can be represented in MATLAB? Types of sequences Elementary sequence for analysis purposes 1. Unit sample sequence Representation in MATLAB Function [x,n]=impseq(n0,n1,n2) A: n=[n1:n2]; x = zeros(1,n2-n1+1); x(n0-n1+1)=1; B: n=[n1:n2]; x = [(n-n0)==0]; stem(n,x,’ro’); 2. Unit step sequence 3. Real-valued exponential sequence 4. Complex-valued exponential sequence 5. Sinusoidal sequence 6. Random sequence Rand(1,N) Generate a length N random sequence whose elements are uniformly distributed between [0,1] Randn(1,N) Generate a length N Gaussian random sequence with mean 0 and variance 1. en [0,1] 7. Periodic sequence A sequence x(n) is periodic if x(n)=x(n+N) The smallest integer N is called the fundamental period For example A: xtilde=[x,x,x,…x] B: xtilde=x’*ones(1,P); xtilde=xtilde(:); xtilde=xtilde’; transposition Operations on sequence 1. Signal addition Sample-by-sample addition {x1(n)}+{x2(n)}={x1(n)+x2(n)} 2. Signal multiplication Sample-by-sample multiplication Dot multiplication {x1(n)}.{x2(n)}={x1(n) x2(n)} 3. Scaling a{x(n)}={ax(n)} Examples Ex020100 – composite basic sequences Ex020200 – operation on sequences Ex020300 – complex sequence generation Ex020400 – even-odd dec