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The economist Down and out in rural China中国农村贫困学生学业堪忧.pdf
Down and out in rural China
中国农村贫困生学业堪忧
2014-08-23
ManyteenagersintheChinesecountrysidedonotfinishsecondaryschool.That bodes
illforthe labourforce
LIK manyruralteenagers,YanJingtao,the lankysonofawatermelonfarmer,didnot
havequite the stuff for a standard upper-secondary school. Last September, encouraged
byhisteacher,heandthreeclassmatesenrolledinsteadatavocationalschoolontheedge
ofthecentralcityof Kaifengtostudycomputeranimation. ByNovember,hehadquit;one
of23dropouts inlessthantwo monthsfromaclassthat hadstartedwith 57.Thestudents
hadoftengot intobrawlsandskippedschool inorderto playgamesatan internetcafé.
Now 18, Mr Yan has landed a decent short-term job as a guard at a local military
airport.“Myjob isbetterthanwhat myfriends have,”hesays.Butheyearnsto learnaskill
and get a proper career. He will have too much company in that pursuit, and not much
help.
Inthe pastthree decades China has made impressivegains insending ruralchildren
to school. This has helped fuel its rise as a low-end manufacturing power. But the easy
gains have been achieved. If the country isto create the“knowledgeeconomy” itsays it
wants, the government will have to change the way rural teenagers are educated and
schools inthe countrysidearefunded.
Completionofjunior middle-schoolhasbeencompulsorysince 1986.(Middle-schoolin
China refersto the six years of education before university.) In big cities it is already the
norm to finish the remaining three years, known as senior middle-school. In the
countryside growing numbers are entering senior middle-school too, but it is far less
common. In 1990just 7% of rural students did so. Today the figure may be just over
one-third.Evenatthejunior level(despitegovernmentfiguressuggestingfullattendance),
dropout rates are high: a study of rural students in four provinces found they ranged
betweenmorethan one-sixthto nearlyathird.
Somequit school becauseofthe cost; incontrast
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