Unit7 Strategic Planning.pptVIP

S2 Strategy A. Originated with the Greeks in 400 B.C. B. Strategy is an outline of the basic steps management plans to take in order to reach an objective or set of objectives. Levels of Strategies Corporate Strategy Addresses which businesses an organization will be in and how resources will be allocated among those businesses; describes the way the organization will pursue its objectives. Business Strategy Focuses on how to compete in a given business. Functional Strategy Concerned with the activities of the different functional areas of the organization, short-range step-by-step methods to be used (tactics). S2.1 Corporate Strategies Corporate (grand) strategies Address which businesses an organization will be in and how resources will be allocated among these businesses. Four types: Growth strategies Used when the organization tries to expand, as measured by sales, product line, number of employees, or similar measures. Stability (status quo) strategies Used when the organization is satisfied with its present course. Defensive (retrenchment) strategies Used when a company wants or needs to reduce its operations. Combination strategies Used when an organization simultaneously employs different strategies for different parts of the company. (multi-business) 计划的类型Types of Plans 战略计划Strategic Plans 应用于整个组织Apply to the entire organization. 建立了组织的全局目标Establish the organization’s overall goals. 寻求组织在环境中的定位Seek to position the organization in terms of its environment. 覆盖了较长的期间Cover extended periods of time. 运营计划Operational Plans 具体规定如何实现全局目标的细节Specify the details of how the overall goals are to be achieved. 覆盖较短的期间Cover short time period 设立目标的方法Approaches to Establishing Goals 传统的目标设立过程 Traditional Goal Setting 组织的最高管理者设立总目标Broad goals are set at the top of the organization. 最高层目标被分解成每一个组织层次的子目标Goals are then broken into subgoals for each organizational level. 传统的目标设立过程Traditional Goal Setting 假设最高层清楚什么是最佳的目标，因为他们能看见大局。Assumes that top management knows best