2007年12月18日台北医学院公卫系-How The Eye Works.ppt

IronHide Confidential How The Eye Works The healthy eye Light rays enter the eye through the clear cornea, pupil and lens. These light rays are focused directly onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. The retina converts light rays into impulses; sent through the optic nerve to your brain, where they are recognized as images. 70% of the eyes focusing power comes from the cornea. Refractive errors Inability to see clearly is often caused by refractive error. Four types of refractive error: Myopia (nearsightedness) Hyperopia (farsightedness) Astigmatism Presbyopia Refractive errors In myopia (nearsightedness), the distance between the cornea and the retina may be too long. Light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Refractive errors Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Refractive errors In hyperopia (farsightedness), the distance between the cornea and the retina may be too short. Light rays are focused behind of the retina instead of on it. Refractive errors In adults (but not children), distant objects will look clear, but close objects will appear blurred. Refractive errors In astigmatism, the cornea is curved unevenly—shaped more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through the uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may appear blurry. Refractive errors Presbyopia is a normal condition in which your eyes gradually lose the ability to see things up close. When we are young, the lenses in our eyes are flexible and are able to change focus easily between near and far objects. At around age 40, this flexibility begins to gradually decrease, making it more difficult to see objects up close. Correcting refractive errors Eyeglasses are the most common methods of correcting refractive errors; they refocus light rays on the retina. Correcting refractive errors Contact lenses: float on the tear film that coats the cornea—th