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Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques Slides for Chapter 3 of Data Mining by I. H. Witten, E. Frank and M. A. Hall Input: Concepts, instances, attributes ● Terminology ● What’s a concept? ♦ Classification, association, clustering, numeric prediction ● What’s in an example? ♦ Relations, flat files, recursion ● What’s in an attribute? ♦ Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio ● Preparing the input ♦ ARFF, attributes, missing values, getting to know data Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 2) 2 Terminology ● Components of the input: ♦ Concepts: kinds of things that can be learned ● Aim: intelligible and operational concept description ♦ Instances: the individual, independent examples of a concept ● Note: more complicated forms of input are possible ♦ Attributes: measuring aspects of an instance ● We will focus on nominal and numeric ones Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 2) 3 What’s a concept? ● Styles of learning: ♦ Classification learning: predicting a discrete class ♦ Association learning: detecting associations between features ♦ Clustering: grouping similar instances into clusters ♦ Numeric prediction: predicting a numeric quantity ● Concept: thing to be learned ● Concept description: output of learning scheme Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 2) 4 Classification learning ● Example problems: weather data, contact lenses, irises, labor negotiations ● Classification learning is supervised ♦ Scheme is provided with actual outcome ● Outcome is called the class of the example ● Measure success on fresh data for