Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes.ppt

Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes 16.6 Enzymes 16.7 Enzyme Action Enzymes are Biological Catalysts Enzymes are proteins that Catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of the body. Increase the rate of reaction by lowering the energy of activation. Names of Enzymes The name of an enzyme usually ends in –ase. identifies the reacting substance. For example, sucrase catalyzes the reaction of sucrose. describes the function of the enzyme. For example, oxidases catalyze oxidation. could be a common name, particularly for the digestion enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin. Classification of Enzymes Enzymes are classified by the reaction they catalyze. Class Type of Reactions catalyzed Oxidoreductases Oxidation-reduction Transferases Transfer groups of atoms Hydrolases Hydrolysis Lyases Add atoms/remove atoms to or from a double bond Isomerases Rearrange atoms Ligases Use ATP to combine small molecules Learning Check Match the type of reaction with an enzyme. 1) aminase 2) dehydrogenase 3) isomerase 4) synthetase A. Converts a cis-fatty acid to a trans-fatty acid. B. Removes 2 H atoms to form double bond. C. Combines two molecules to make a new compound. D. Adds NH3. Solution Match the type of reaction with an enzyme 1) aminase 2) dehydrogenase 3) isomerase 4) synthetase A. 3 Converts a cis-fatty acid to a trans-fatty acid. B. 2 Removes 2 H atoms to form double bond. C. 4 Combines two molecules to make a new compound. D. 1 Adds NH3. Active Site The active site is a region within an enzyme that fits the shape of the reacting molecule called a substrate. contains amino acid R groups that bind the substrate. releases products when the reaction is complete. Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction a substrate attaches to the active site. an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex forms. reaction occurs and products are released. an enzyme is used over