Above the CloudsA Berkeley View of Cloud Computing.ppt

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2015-07-20 发布于甘肃
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Above the CloudsA Berkeley View of Cloud Computing.ppt

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UC Berkeley Above the CloudsA Berkeley View of Cloud Computing * UC Berkeley RAD Lab Outline What is it? Why now? Cloud killer apps Economics for users Economics for providers Challenges and opportunities Implications * What is Cloud Computing? Old idea: Software as a Service (SaaS) Def: delivering applications over the Internet Recently: “[Hardware, Infrastrucuture, Platform] as a service” Poorly defined so we avoid all “X as a service” Utility Computing: pay-as-you-go computing Illusion of infinite resources No up-front cost Fine-grained billing (e.g. hourly) * Why Now? Experience with very large datacenters Unprecedented economies of scale Other factors Pervasive broadband Internet Fast x86 virtualization Pay-as-you-go billing model Standard software stack * Spectrum of Clouds Instruction Set VM (Amazon EC2, 3Tera) Bytecode VM (Microsoft Azure) Framework VM Google AppEngine, F EC2 Azure AppEngine F Lower-level, Less management Higher-level, More management * Cloud Killer Apps Mobile and web applications Extensions of desktop software Matlab, Mathematica Batch processing / MapReduce Oracle at Harvard, Hadoop at NY Times * Unused resources Economics of Cloud Users Pay by use instead of provisioning for peak Static data center Data center in the cloud Demand Capacity Time Demand Capacity Time * Unused resources Economics of Cloud Users Risk of over-provisioning: underutilization Static data center Demand Capacity Time * Economics of Cloud Users Heavy penalty for under-provisioning Lost revenue Lost users Demand Capacity Time (days) 1 2 3 Demand Capacity Time (days) 1 2 3 Demand Capacity Time (days) 1 2 3 * Economics of Cloud Providers 5-7x economies of scale [Hamilton 2008] Extra benefits Amazon: utilize off-peak capacity Microsoft: sell .NET tools Google: reuse existing infrastructure Resource Cost in Medium DC Cost in Very Large DC Ratio Network $95 / Mbps / month $13 / Mbps / month 7.1x Storage $2.20 / GB / month $0.40 / GB / month 5.7x Administration ≈1