Human Heredity Section 14ndash;1.ppt

Human Heredity  Section 14–1 This section explains what scientists know about human chromosomes, as well as the inheritance of certain human traits and disorders. It also describeshow scientists study the inheritance of human traits. Human Chromosomes How do biologists make a karyotype? They photograph cells in mitosis, cut out the chromosomes from the photographs, then group the chromosomes together in pairs. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about human chromosomes. The X and Y chromosomes are known as sex chromosomes because they determinean individual’s sex. Autosomes are all the chromosomes, except the sex chromosomes. The Punnett square below shows how the sex chromosomes segregate during meiosis. Why is there the chance that half of the zygotes will be 46,XX and half will be 46,XY? All the egg cells have a single X chromosome. However, half of all sperm cells carry an X chromosome and half carry a Y chromosome. What does a pedigree chart show? It shows the relationships within a family. Give two reasons why it is impossible to associate some of the most obvious human traits with single genes. Many traits are polygenic. Many traits are strongly influenced by environmental factors. Human Genes Why is it difficult to study the genetics of humans? Humans have long generation times, a complex life cycle, and relatively few offspring. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about human blood group genes. The Rh blood group is determined by a single gene. Individuals with type O blood are homozygous for the i allele (ii) and produce no antigen on the surface of red blood cells. Is the following sentence true or false? Many human genes have become known through the study of genetic disorders. true Genetic Disorder Tay-Sachs disease Nervous system breakdown caused byan autosomal recessive allele Genetic Disorder Achondroplasia A form of dwarfism caused by an autosomal dominant allele Genetic