Lecture 13. Dissipation of Gravity Waves.ppt

Lecture 13. Dissipation of Gravity Waves z x Governing equations: equilibrium: small-amplitude waves: - small small addition to equilibrium pressure Linearized equations: air liquid For 2D case, Seek solution in the form of a plane wave, That is, Equations for the amplitudes are Seek solution of the last equation in the form, Auxiliary (complimentary) equation is Roots, Let us denote The square root of a complex number produces two different complex values. For m, the root with a positive real part will be chosen. Finally, these three equations can be reduced to one equation for vz, Solution, Here, Boundary conditions: 1. At the solution is bounded. This gives B=D=0, or, 2. At interface (ζ defines the shape of interface): is a unit vector normal to the interface x-projection: z-projection: (1) (2) (1): (2): First, we take into account that Hence, eq. (2) can be rewritten as , or, Or, + These equations can be rewritten as, This system have non-trivial (non-zero) solutions only if determinant of the matrix of coefficients equals zero or or And finally, This is the general dispersion relation for the gravity waves on the free surface of a viscous liquid. Let us assume that viscosity is small. The terms that contain viscosity are small. Let us also assume that ω can be split into ω0+ ω1, where ω0 ω1. Next, we will analyse different orders of the dispersion relation. The leading terms (that do not contain ν) are This the known dispersion relation for the waves on the surface of an inviscid liquid dissipation - damping coefficient Shorter waves (with smaller wave lengths, and hence with larger k) propagate slower ( with speed ) and dissipate faster. The terms of the first order (proportional to ν) are, Finally, the frequency of gravity waves is defined by Only the main terms are written here. Terms, proportional to ν in higher orders, are neglected. ω is complex