Spacecraft Propulsion.ppt

Spacecraft Propulsion Dr Andrew Ketsdever Lesson 13 MAE 5595 Introduction Purpose of the propulsion subsystem Transfer spacecraft from launch vehicle parking orbit to spacecraft mission orbit Maintain and control spacecraft orbit Maintain and control spacecraft attitude Types of spacecraft propulsion systems Chemical Liquid, Solid or Hybrid Solar Electric Nuclear Thermal or Electric Typical Propulsion Requirements Typical Propulsion Requirements INTELSAT V Propellant mass of 168.9 kg required Transfer orbit (7 kg) Spin up, reorientation Drift orbit (29.9 kg) Reorientation, spin down GEO (132 kg) NS Station Keeping (106 kg) EW Station Keeping (11.7 kg) Attitude Maintenance (12.3 kg) Disposal (2 kg) INTELSAT V ORBIT TRANSFER INTELSAT V satellite has a Thiokol AKM that produces an average thrust of 56 kN (12,500 lbf) and burns to depletion in approximately 45 seconds. STATIONKEEPING AND ATTITUDE CONTROL Array of four 0.44 N (0.1 lbf) thrusters for roll control, Array of ten 2.0 N (0.45 lbf) thrusters for pitch and yaw control and E/W stationkeeping, Array of two 22.2 N (5.0 lbf) thrusters for repositioning and reorientation. Four 0.3 N (0.07 lbf) EHTs are used for N/S stationkeeping. The nominal mass of the spacecraft at beginning of life (BOL) is 1005 kg and the dry mass at end of life (EOL) is 836 kg. The difference of 169 kg represents the mass of the propellant for a design life of 7 years. Chemical Propulsion Chemical reaction produces energy Liquid Bipropellant Two reactants Fuel and Oxidizer MMH, UDMH, O2, HNO3, N2O4 Monopropellant Single reactant Catalyst N2H4, H2O2 Solid Fuel and oxidizer combined in a solid mixture (grain) Hybrid Typically a solid fuel and a liquid or gaseous oxidizer Solar Electric Propulsion Several Classifications Electrothermal Resistojet Arcjet Electrostatic Ion engine Electromagnetic Pulsed Plasma Thruster Hall Effect Thruster MPD Nuclear Propulsion Fission or Radioactive Isotope Decay Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) Transfers