Metal Nanoparticles of Various Shapes.ppt

Metal Nanoparticles of Various Shapes Jie Gao, Min Xu Apr. 1, 2007 Outline Advantages of metal nanoparticles. Why we need nanorods? Synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Synthesis of gold nanorods. Growth mechanism of gold nanorods. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles of different shapes. Advantage of seed-mediated method Other issues to consider Advantages of Metal Nanoparticle Strong plasma absorption Enhance Rayleigh scattering Surface enhanced Raman scattering Advantage of Metal Nanoparticles Biological detector Biological system imaging Determine chemical information on metallic nanoscale substrate Why we need nanorods? Limitations of nanospheres Synthesis of metal nanoparticles Bottom up method--assemble atoms to nanostructures 1. Nanosphere lithography. 2. Templating, chemical, electrochemical, sonochemical, thermal and photochemical reduction techniques. Top down method--cut into pieces in nanoscale 1. Photolithography 2. Electron beam lithography Synthesis of metal nanoparticles Nanosphere lithography Synthesis of metal nanoparticles Citrate Reduction Method Synthesis of metal nanoparticles Two Phase Reactions Inverse Micelles Synthesis of gold nanorods Seed-mediated method Two steps: produce seed particles + seed grow into rod Synthesis of gold nanorods Synthesis of gold nanorods Factors related to the growth 1. Seed size 2. Length of “tails” of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ) Synthesis of gold nanorods Synthesis of gold nanorods Growth mechanism of gold nanorods “Zipping” fashion formation of gold nanorods Growth mechanism of gold nanorods Growth mechanism of gold nanorods tail contribution to the free energy formation of a bilayer on gold Growth mechanism of gold nanorods Synthesis of gold nanoparticles of different shapes General idea is the same as the growth of gold nanorods (seed-mediated method) Slightly change the conditions when growing nanorods (concentration of different reactants) Cubes, hexagon, triangle, tetro