Week 4 Update.ppt

Outline More on Pulse Doppler Radar Finding Doppler Frequency Shift Determination of Moving/Stationary Objects on A-Scope and PPI Use of Single and Double Delay Line Cancellers Blind Speeds Received Signals from Precipitation Signal Sampling and Power Spectrum Doppler Spectrum Mean Doppler Velocity and Doppler Spectrum Variance Radar Noise MTI vs. Pulse Doppler Radars Both distinguish moving objects from stationary objects by looking at the Doppler Frequency shift. MTI (moving target indication) radars Typically operate with ambiguous velocity measurements (blind speeds), but with unambiguous range measurements Pulsed Doppler Radars PRF usually high enough to operate with unambiguous Doppler measurements but with ambiguous range measurements Operation Finding Doppler Frequency Shift Determining Moving Objects From A-scope A-scope is a display of echo amplitude vs. time Superposition of echoes can be helpful in separating moving objects from stationary object “Butterfly Effect” Determination of Moving Objects on PPI PPI (plan position indicator) Angle vs. Range display Different method must be utilized on PPI – Delay line canceller Single Delay Line Canceller Frequency Response of Single Delay Line Canceller Frequency Response of Single Delay Line Canceller Response is zero when Frequency Response of Delay Line Cancellers Frequency Response of Delay Line Cancellers Avoid blind speeds by making first blind speed greater than maximum radial velocity Increase wavelength of signal propagated Increase PRF Low radar frequencies (large wavelength) require larger antenna size High PRF results in Range Ambiguity! Example: First blind speed 600 knots Range (without ambiguity) = 130 nautical miles at 300 MHz or 13 nautical miles at 30 MHz Trade off between range and velocity ambiguities One solution is “Staggered PRF MTI” Received signal from Precipitation Received signal due to point scatter is a scaled replica of the transmitted wave from but shifted by the Doppler shift R