yangz14-Lecture 28 Millennial Changes： δ18O in Ice Sheets.ppt

Lecture 28: Millennial Changes: δ18O in Ice Sheets Ch. 14 What are millennial oscillations? How do millennial oscillation during interglacial compared to those during glacial periods? Millennial Changes: δ18O in Ice Sheets Ch. 14, p. 251-261 What evidence of millennial changes do we find in Greenland ice cores? How do the processes that control δ18O changes measured in ice sheets differ from those measured in ocean cores? Climate Change at Different Time Scales Hundreds of millions of years Tectonic-scale Tens to hundreds of thousands of years Orbital-scale Thousands of years Millennial-scale (Cycles) (Oscillations) Oscillations Recorded in Greenland Ice Cores Focused on oxygen isotope ratios and dust Early studies in the 1970s Rapid, large fluctuations mask slower orbital changes Minimizing the ice flow impacts on deeper ice layers Millennial oscillations throughout the last glaciation Ice core drilled in 1970s Two long ice cores drilled on the summit of Greenland in 1990s (GISP/GRIP sites) Recent studies since early 1990s Millennial Oscillations in Greenland Ice Cores Thousands of years Millennial-scale (Oscillations) An Known Example Younger Dryas During the last deglacial period ~1500 years long Abrupt beginning and ending Millennial Oscillations Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles Vary widely in spacing and amplitude Average spacing: 1500 yrs Large amplitude Small amplitude During glacial period During interglacial period Oxygen Isotope Ratios (δ18O) in Ice and Ocean Cores Ice Cores δ18O signals reflect several influences Temperature of snowfall Source of moisture Transport paths Season of precipitation Ocean cores δ18O signals reflect two influences Temperature of seawater Ice volume in continents Relationship As marine δ18O becomes more positive, δ18O in ice cores becomes more negative. * This lecture was prepared on 1/23/2005 (Sunday). Took me 5 hours (from 8:00pm to 1:00am) * * * * * * This lecture was prepared on 1/23/2005 (Sunday). Took me 5 hours (from 8